For the most part, experts agree that there are few long-term risks associated with anal sex, if it’s done in a safe and hygienic manner. Even still, men considering anal sex with their partner should familiarize themselves with the potential risks and how to prevent or minimize injuries or infections if they do occur. Consider these risks, as well as the steps you can take to avoid or minimize them.
Risk: Bacterial infections
Unlike the vagina, the anus doesn’t have the ability to lubricate itself. The lining of the rectum is also thinner than the vagina. This combination means that there’s a greater risk for not only discomfort but also friction-related injuries in the anus and rectum.
With feces passing through both the rectum and anus to be excreted, tears provide access to bacteria, which can increase the risk of infection.
To help prevent these infections, insert your penis slowly, use plenty of lubricants and be sure to change condoms if you’re changing from anal to vaginal sex to avoid transporting bacteria.
Risk: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
As with bacterial infections, the risk for STIs is greater with anal sex due to the greater likelihood for tearing. Some of the STIs that can be passed during anal sex include gonorrhea, hepatitis, herpes, chlamydia, and HIV.
Compared to the partner who is inserting his penis, the person receiving anal sex is 13 times more likely to become infected if their partner has HIV.
In addition to using water-based lubricants, men engaging in anal sex should use a condom to protect both partners from potential STIs.
Risk: Inflamed hemorrhoids
Although anal sex isn’t likely to cause hemorrhoids, it can exacerbate existing hemorrhoids.
Risk: Fistula
A rare complication of anal sex is fistula, a tear in the lining of the anus or rectum that can increase in size and allow stool bacteria to travel to other places in the body, leading to infections and damage.
Water-based lubricants can help prevent these tears.
